However, if a goiter hasn’t been treated for many years, it might cause permanent thyroid damage. This causes the cells to grow and multiply, eventually leading to a goiter.įortunately, most cases can be treated by increasing your iodine intake. To compensate, the thyroid gland works harder to try to make more. However, when your body is low in iodine, it can’t make enough of them ( 9). When blood levels of TSH rise, the thyroid gland uses iodine to make thyroid hormones. It makes thyroid hormones upon receiving a signal from the thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) ( 8, 9). The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland in the front of your neck. This is called a goiter and occurs when the thyroid gland grows too big. Swelling in the front of the neck is the most common symptom of an iodine deficiency. Share on Pinterest EujarimPhotography/Getty Images Here are 10 signs and symptoms of an iodine deficiency. Since iodine is used to make thyroid hormones, an iodine deficiency means your body can’t make enough of them, leading to hypothyroidism. Its symptoms are very similar to those of hypothyroidism, or low thyroid hormones. They include swelling in the neck, pregnancy-related issues, weight gain and learning difficulties. On the other hand, iodine deficiencies are rare in the US, where there are sufficient levels of the mineral in the food supply ( 7).Īn iodine deficiency can cause uncomfortable and even severe symptoms. People who follow a vegetarian or vegan diet.This includes South Asia, Southeast Asia, New Zealand and European countries. People who live in countries where there is very little iodine in the soil.Those at the highest risk include ( 4, 5, 6): Unfortunately, up to a third of people worldwide are at risk of an iodine deficiency ( 3). Your thyroid gland uses it to make thyroid hormones, which help control growth, repair damaged cells and support a healthy metabolism ( 1, 2). Iodine is an essential mineral commonly found in seafood. You may experience other symptoms of a low level of thyroid-stimulating hormone. ISBN 8-2.Low levels of iodine can cause symptoms including neck swelling and weight gain. A Guide to IUPAC Nomenclature of Organic Compounds 1993. with the Greek for "and"inserted (as in triskaidekaphobia). khīlioi = 1000, diskhīlioi = 2000, triskhīlioi = 3000, etc., and 13 to 19 are treiskaideka etc. The numbers 200-900 would be confused easily with 22 to 29 if they were used in chemistry. In Ancient Greek, hekaton = 100, diakosioi = 200, triakosioi = 300, etc. The forms 100 and upwards are not correct Greek. The others are derived from Greek numbers. Multiplicative prefixes for naming assemblies of identical units NumberĪnd/or "deka" is replaced with "deci". Numerical prefixes for multiplication of compound or complex (as in complicated) features are created by adding kis to the basic numerical prefix, with the exception of numbers 2 and 3, which are bis- and tris-, respectively. Numerical terms for compound or complex features There are two more types of numerical prefixes in IUPAC organic chemistry nomenclature. However both the Chemical Abstracts Service and the Beilstein database use the alternative spelling eicosa. IUPAC prefers the spelling icosa- for the affix corresponding to the number twenty on the grounds of etymology. In compound affixes, the numeral two is represented by do- except when it forms part of the numbers 20 ( icosa-), 200 ( dicta-) or 2000 ( dilia-). In forming compound affixes, the numeral one is represented by the term hen- except when it forms part of the number eleven ( undeca-): henceĢ41 → hen- ( 1) + tetraconta- ( 40) + dicta- ( 200) = hentetracontadicta- 411 → undeca- ( 11) + tetracta- ( 400) = undecatetracta- The numeral two While the use of the affix mono- is rarely necessary in organic chemistry, it is often essential in inorganic chemistry to avoid ambiguity: carbon oxide could refer to either carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide. For example:ĥ48 → octa- ( 8) + tetraconta- ( 40) + pentacta- ( 500) = octatetracontapentacta- 9267 → hepta- ( 7) + hexaconta- ( 60) + dicta- ( 200) + nonalia- ( 9000) = heptahexacontadictanonalia- The numeral one The prefixes are given from the least significant decimal digit up: units, then tens, then hundreds, then thousands. The affixes are derived from both Latin and Greek. The numerical multiplier (or multiplying affix) in IUPAC nomenclature indicates how many particular atoms or functional groups are attached at a particular point in a molecule.
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